| 編號 | 23 | 英文名 | Alexandria |
| 和合本 | 亞力山太 | 現代名 | 亞力山大 |
| 新標點和合本 | 亞力山太 | 希伯來文編號 | 無原文編號 |
| 現代中文譯本 | 亞力山太 | 希臘文編號 | 00221 |
| 經緯度 | 31.22784, 29.956924 | 型態 | 0 |
| 聖經地名大全 | Name of many cities built either by, or in honor of, Alexander the Great (Gk, Alexandreia; Lt, Alexandra). The most important one stands at the Canopic mouth of the Nile. . . . |
| 解說二 | Gr.—al-esc-and’ree-ah}, the chief maritime city,and long the metropol is of ower Egypt Capp. acts vi- '; xviii:24; xxvii:6; xxviii:1). As this city owed its foundation to Alexander the Gre • t, the Old Testament canon had crosed-b-efOre it existed; nor is it often mentioned in the Apocrypha, or in the New Testament. But it was in many ways most importantly connected with the later history of the Jews--as well from the relations which subsisted between them and the Ptolemies, who reigned in that city, as from the vast numbers of Jews who wer settled there, with whom a constant intercourse was-maintained by the Jews of Palestine. It is perhaps safe to say that, from the foundation of Alex- andria to the destructfon of JerusiTem, and even after,-the former was of- al-T foreign places that to which- the attentiim of the Jews--was most-directed. And this appears to have been true even at the time when Antioch first, and afterwards Rome, became the seat of the power to which the nation was subject. 1.Situation. Alexandria is situated on the Mediterranean, twelve-miles_west_of_the am Canopic mouth of the Nile, in 31 deg. 13 min. N. lat. and 25 deg. 53 min. E. Long. It owes its origin to the comprehensive policy of Alexander, who perceived that the usual channels of commerce might be advantageously altered, and that a city occupying this site could not fail to become the common emporium for the traffic of the eastern and western worlds, by means of the river Nile and the two adjacent seas the Red sea and the high prosperity which, as such, Alexandria very rap rapidly (cont.) P & C B E., P82 |
| 解說三 | attained, proved the soundness of his judgment, and exceeded any expectations which even he could have entertained. For a long period Alexandria was the greatest of known cities for Nineveh and Babylon had fallen, and Rome had not yet risen to pre-eminence, and even when Rome became the mistress of the world, and Alexandria only the metropolis of a pro¬vince, the latter was second only to the former in wealth, extent and importance, and was honored with the magnificent titles of the second metropolis of the world, the city of cities, the queen of the East, a second Rome (Diod. Sic. Xvii;Strab. xvii;Ammian__Marcell. xxii; Hegesipp iv:27; Joseph. Bell. Jud.iv:11,5). 2.Spat of Commerce and ScignCe. Alexandria became not only the seat of commerce, but of learning and the liberal sciences. This distinction it owed to Ptolemy Soter, himself a man of education, who founded an academy, or society of learned men, who devoted themselves to the study of philosophy, literature and science. For their use he made a collection of choice books, which, by degrees, increased under his successors until it became the finest library in the world and numbered 700,000 volumes (Strati. xvii, p. 791;Euseb. Chron.). 3.Burning of the Librayy. It sustained repeated losses, by fire and otherwise, but these losses were as repeatedly repaired, and it continued to be of great fame and use in those parts, until it was at length burnt by the Saracens when they made themselves masters of Alexandria in A.D. 642. Undoubtedly the Jews at Alexandria shared in the ben¬efit of these institutions, as the Christians did afterwards, for the city was not only a seat of heathen, but of Jewish, and subsequently of Christian learning. The Jews never had a more profoundly learned man the Philo, nor the Christians men more erudite than Origen and Clement; and if we may judge from these celebrated natives of Alexandria, who were remarkably intimate with the heathen philosophy and literature--the learning acquired (cont.) P & C B E, p. 82-83. |
| 描述 | in the Jewish and Christian schools of that city must have been of that booad and comp¬rehensive character which its large and liberal institutions were fitted to produce. 4.The Septuagint, It will be remembered that the celebrated translation of the Heb¬rew Scriptures into Greek (see Septuagint) was made, under every encouragement from Ptolemy Philadelphus, principally for the use of the Jews in Alexandria, who knew only the Greek language, but partly, no doubt, that the great library might possess a version of a book so remarkable, and, in some points, so closely connected with the an¬cient history of Egypt. The work of Josephus against Apion affords ample evidence of the attention which the Jewish Scriptures excited. 5.Three Clascps. The inhabitants of Alexandria were divided into three classes:Q_.) The Macedonians, the original founders of the city the mercenaries who had served under Alexander;the native Egyptians. Through t e favor of Alexander and Ptolemy Soter, the Jews were admitted into the first of these classes, and this privilege was so important that it had great effect in drawing them to the new city (Hecataeus, in Joseph. Contra ULU, 1,ii). 6.Christi-n Church Founded by_St. Mark. St. Mark is said to have first preached the gospel in Egypt an founded the Chrisfiairthursh in Alexandria. The Christians were very numerous in this city in the second century. P & C B E, p. 82-83. |